Testicular Cancer
Understanding Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer occurs when abnormal cells in one or both testicles grow uncontrollably, forming a malignant tumor. Though it is relatively rare, it is one of the most common cancers in young men aged 15–35. Early detection and treatment are highly effective, with excellent survival rates.
At Dr. Amit Goel – Best UroOncologist in Gurugram, we provide comprehensive care for testicular cancer, including early diagnosis, advanced treatment, and long-term follow-up.
Common Symptoms of Testicular Cancer
- A painless lump or swelling in one testicle
- Feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum
- Pain or aching in the lower abdomen, groin, or testicle
- Sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum
- Enlargement or tenderness of the breasts (rare, due to hormone changes)
If you notice any of these symptoms, prompt consultation with a urologist is essential.
Causes & Risk Factors
- Undescended Testicle (Cryptorchidism): Increased risk if testicle fails to descend at birth
- Family History: Higher risk if close relatives have had testicular cancer
- Age & Gender: Most common in young men aged 15–35
- Previous Testicular Cancer: Increased risk in the other testicle
- Abnormal Testicular Development or Hormonal Imbalance
Diagnosis
Accurate diagnosis involves:
- Physical Examination: Checking for lumps, swelling, or irregularities
- Ultrasound of the Testicles: Identifies abnormal masses
- Blood Tests: Tumor markers such as AFP, hCG, and LDH
- CT Scans or MRI: Assess spread to lymph nodes or other organs
- Biopsy (in select cases)
Testicular Cancer Treatment Options
Treatment is based on the type, stage, and spread of the cancer:
A. Surgery
- Radical Orchiectomy: Removal of the affected testicle
- Can be combined with lymph node removal if cancer has spread
B. Radiation Therapy
Used mainly for seminoma-type testicular cancer to destroy remaining cancer cells after surgery
C. Chemotherapy
- Systemic treatment for advanced or high-risk testicular cancer
- Highly effective in eliminating cancer cells and preventing recurrence
D. Minimally Invasive & Robotic Surgery
In selected cases, robotic-assisted surgery may be used for precise lymph node removal with faster recovery
E. Follow-up & Monitoring
- Regular imaging and blood tests to detect recurrence
- Fertility counselling and hormone evaluation if needed
Prevention & Long-term Care
While testicular cancer cannot always be prevented, early detection improves outcomes:
- Perform regular testicular self-exams
- Avoid injury to the testicles
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle and diet
- Attend regular follow-ups after treatment