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Testicular Cancer

Understanding Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer occurs when abnormal cells in one or both testicles grow uncontrollably, forming a malignant tumor. Though it is relatively rare, it is one of the most common cancers in young men aged 15–35. Early detection and treatment are highly effective, with excellent survival rates.

At Dr. Amit Goel – Best UroOncologist in Gurugram, we provide comprehensive care for testicular cancer, including early diagnosis, advanced treatment, and long-term follow-up.

  • A painless lump or swelling in one testicle
  • Feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum
  • Pain or aching in the lower abdomen, groin, or testicle
  • Sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum
  • Enlargement or tenderness of the breasts (rare, due to hormone changes)

If you notice any of these symptoms, prompt consultation with a urologist is essential.

  • Undescended Testicle (Cryptorchidism): Increased risk if testicle fails to descend at birth
  • Family History: Higher risk if close relatives have had testicular cancer
  • Age & Gender: Most common in young men aged 15–35
  • Previous Testicular Cancer: Increased risk in the other testicle
  • Abnormal Testicular Development or Hormonal Imbalance

Accurate diagnosis involves:

  • Physical Examination: Checking for lumps, swelling, or irregularities
  • Ultrasound of the Testicles: Identifies abnormal masses
  • Blood Tests: Tumor markers such as AFP, hCG, and LDH
  • CT Scans or MRI: Assess spread to lymph nodes or other organs
  • Biopsy (in select cases)

Testicular Cancer Treatment Options

Treatment is based on the type, stage, and spread of the cancer:

A. Surgery
  • Radical Orchiectomy: Removal of the affected testicle
  • Can be combined with lymph node removal if cancer has spread

Used mainly for seminoma-type testicular cancer to destroy remaining cancer cells after surgery

  • Systemic treatment for advanced or high-risk testicular cancer
  • Highly effective in eliminating cancer cells and preventing recurrence

In selected cases, robotic-assisted surgery may be used for precise lymph node removal with faster recovery

  • Regular imaging and blood tests to detect recurrence
  • Fertility counselling and hormone evaluation if needed
  • Follow-up care: Regular check-ups and imaging are crucial to monitor for recurrence.

Modern treatments are highly effective, and survival rates are excellent when cancer is detected early.

Testicular cancer can affect mental health due to fear, body image concerns, and uncertainty about the future. Support networks, counselling, and patient groups can help men cope emotionally during diagnosis and treatment. Open communication with partners and healthcare providers is vital for mental and emotional resilience.

While testicular cancer cannot always be prevented, early detection improves outcomes:

  • Perform regular testicular self-exams
  • Avoid injury to the testicles
  • Maintain a healthy lifestyle and diet
  • Attend regular follow-ups after treatment

Myths vs Facts About Testicular Cancer: What Every Man Should Know

Testicular cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men, yet it remains surrounded by myths and misconceptions. Many men hesitate to discuss their testicular health due to embarrassment or fear, which can delay early detection and treatment. Understanding the facts versus the myths is essential for every man to protect his health, reduce anxiety, and take timely action.

 

Understanding Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer forms in the testicles, which play a key role in sperm creation and hormone production. Although it can affect men of all ages, it is most common in younger men, typically between the ages of 15 and 40. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes, making awareness critical.

Myth 1: Testicular Cancer Only Affects Older Men

Fact: Testicular cancer can occur at any age, though it is most prevalent in younger and middle-aged men. Age is not a protective factor, and men in their teens, twenties, and thirties are at risk. Being vigilant about testicular changes is essential regardless of age.

Fact: Not every lump indicates cancer. Testicular lumps can result from benign conditions such as cysts, infections, or fluid accumulation. However, any unusual swelling, hardness, or lump should be examined by a doctor to rule out malignancy. Early consultation is the key to timely management.

Fact: Testicular cancer is often painless in its early stages. Men may notice swelling, a feeling of heaviness, or subtle changes without experiencing discomfort. Ignoring these symptoms because they are not painful can delay diagnosis and treatment.

Fact: Monthly testicular self-examination is a simple yet effective tool for early detection. By familiarising themselves with the normal size, shape, and consistency of their testicles, men can notice changes quickly. Early detection through self-exams often leads to better treatment outcomes.

 

How to Perform a Self-Exam:

  • Examine each testicle separately using both hands.
  • Slowly roll the testicle between your fingers to identify lumps, hardened areas, or abnormalities.
  • Note any sudden changes in size or texture.
  • Carry out self-examinations monthly, preferably after a warm shower when the scrotum is more relaxed.

Fact: While some risk factors like age and genetics are beyond control, a healthy lifestyle can support overall testicular health. Maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, avoiding smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption can improve immune function and general well-being. Though lifestyle alone does not prevent cancer, it contributes to overall health and recovery. 

Fact: Fertility may be temporarily affected by surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation, but many men retain reproductive ability. Freezing sperm prior to treatment is an option for those concerned about future fertility. Discussing fertility preservation with a healthcare professional ensures informed decision-making.

Fact: Testicular cancer is relatively uncommon compared to other cancers, but it is highly treatable, especially when detected early. Awareness and regular check-ups play a crucial role in prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions: FAQ’s

Can Testicular Cancer develop in Undescended Testis (Cryptorchid Testis)?

Yes, Undescended Testis, where one of the testicle lies inside the abdomen is a strong predisposing factor for Testicular Cancer and hence these testis needs to  be evaluated by imaging studies and needs to be brought down and fixed into the scrotal sac.

Yes, recurrence is possible, but regular follow-ups help detect and manage it early.

Testicular Cancers even at  advanced stages usually have good prognosis, if treated promptly by experts.

Most cases involve removal of the affected testicle, but fertility and hormone-sparing options may be discussed.

No, tight underwear does not cause testicular cancer, though comfort and support are recommended.

No, Testicular Cancer can occur in men without a family history, though genetics may increase susceptibility.

Yes, ongoing self-exams help monitor for recurrence or new changes, complementing medical follow-ups.

Lifestyle helps overall health, but cannot prevent testicular cancer entirely. Awareness and early detection are crucial.

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